LAD #21: Canegie's Gospel of Wealth

Andrew Carnegie makes his own thoughts known on capitalism in "The Gospel of Wealth". Carnegie counter-argues claims made by a large portion of the population - they complains that he is "a robber baron". He states that the economy is to blame because it allows for an uneven distribution for wealth between different socioeconomic social classes (the rich and the poor), and that the people's complaints would disappear if the economy promoted economic equality and universitality. Carnegie continues by proposing a solution to the people's problems, claiming that the wealthy must invest their money into the future of the future race which would also even the distribution of wealth between these different groups. To provide evidence supporting his claims, Carnegie recognizes Europe's one-time practice of primogeniture, which allow cash to flow. But, he recognizes that it ended in a failure because it is based upon the decisions of the first born son - this could completely prevent the state (and the people) from gaining this necessary income. After his initial clame, Carnegie states that a wealthy man's death taxes should be enforced onto his entire estate so the wealth and its value goes into the hands of the commoner, but also allowing the wealthy to spend their money for a benevolent purpose. This is unarguably Carnegie's main argument, because he proposes that all wealthy men must invest their wealth to benefit society as a whole. Carnegie lived by example, as shown by the many libraries he developed and the eventual creation of a university (Carnegie Institute of Technology which is Carnegie-Mellon University today).

LAD #20 The Emancipation Proclamation

In his 1863 Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln declares that all United States slaves are now free and that both the government and the military will defend their freedom. Additionally, he claims states that do not comply will be recognized as "in rebellion against the United States". Lincoln appeals to ethos by noting his authority: he is both the United States President and the military's Commandeer-in-Chief. He further asserts the slaves freedom by mentioning that all states that are not deemed rebellious by the government must provide fair wages (exemplifying a push for equal rights). To provide one such job oppurtunity and to gain a greater military support for war, Lincoln makes it known that he could easily find a job for a freed slave in his military.Lincoln conlucdes that he has "fixed" America by moving it in this Constitutionally appropriate direction.

LAD #19 Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address

Lincoln discusses issues brought by the Civil War in his Second Inaugural Address. He begins by arguing that both the north and the south did not want war. But, despite diplomatic measures in an attempt to maintain peace, Lincoln asserts that the southerners would rather have war than peace, leaving the northerners no other option aside from preserving the Union. Unfortunately, neither side was capable of understanding how long it would take for such issues to resolve, which only further fueled the sectional hatred between the two groups for years to come. Lincoln mentions that several individuals prayed for the aid of god in order to attain victory in war against their hated opponents. Lincoln then proclaims that praying (alluding to hatred) is useless because none of the people's prayers have been answered. Lincoln states that he does not know the end result of this war, but he believes that the result is in God's hands and he will know what is best for the nationn. Lincoln concludes by attempting to inspire the people to remain strong, and that the people must not fight only for the nation, but for each other.

LAD #18 Dred Scott vs Sanford

Chief Justice Roger B. Taney sided with Sanford in the Dred Scott vs. Sanford case. Taney made the court's reasoning known, stating that the court concluded that because Scott was a slave whose parents had been born in another country, he cannot be recognized as a citizen and therefore cannot legally receive any American liberties prescribed in the Constitution. Instead, Taney believed that Scott (a slave and a foreigner) should be recognized as a lesser person, or a peice of property. As a result, Scott can neither receive protection through the American Constitution nor receive the liberties of a common white man, culminating down to the fact that Scott has no right to fight for his rights in the judicial system. Conversely, Sanford has rights given to him from the Constitution to use Scott as property. This court decision contradicts the Missouri Compromise because Scott had lived in slave free Illinois, but he can still be recognized as property. Because of this decision Scott once again became a slave and the precedent Taney set pitted the north and the south against each other, leading to the Civil War.

LAD #17 "Ain't I a Woman" Speech

Sojourner Truth argues against injustices she receives because of gender and color in her 1851 speech, "Ain't I a Woman?". She begins her argument by noting that although social reform is taking place in the north, there is still a large amount injustice taking place in the south. One example she points out is that there may be men who help women out of chivalry, no man has ever helped her becaue of her skin color (which makes her lowly regarded part of a lesser being). To provide evidence to support the claims of injustice she receives she argues that she has all the other strengths of a woman - she can plow, farm, and "work as much and eat as much as any man" - while also having to take the tasks and bear sufferings that other men cannot have, such as having thirteen children while later being burdened with grief that most of her children would be sold into slavery. Additionally, Truth advocates for women's rights by arguing that women are as "intellectual" as men. She also counter argues claims men have made such as "Christ wasn't a woman" by asserting that Christ came from God and a woman. Truth concludes that Women need to turn the world "right side up again", otherwise, not only African American women, but women in general will continue to be oppressed.

LAD #16 5th of July Speech

Frederick Douglass proclaims that the 4th of July is meaningless (in his words, "a sham") in the eyes of his fellow African American slaves in his speech "What To The Slave Is The 4th Of July?" Douglass begins his argument by announcing the hypocrisy concerning Americans' celebration of independence because while they believe that they have eliminated all tyrannical elements from their nation, in reality, they are directly responsible for oppressing the African Americans. As a result, Douglass tells his audience that because they continue to celebrate Independence Day, Americans are still neglecting to see the dark and ugly underbelly of the nation - socioeconomic injustice. Douglass finds that by enslaving African Americans and that by treating them inhumanely, they will never have any actual freedoms in the home of the free. Douglass asserts that beliefs that African Americans are lesser than their white counterparts is foolish, as they perform labor which Caucasians have also performed, noting that they have built houses, constructed bridges, and have taken part in fishing. Additionally, Douglass tugs on the emotions of his audience by asserting that the oppressed are men of faith and believers of God. Douglass concludes by claiming that despite being a free, independent nation, there is an incomparable amount of injustice and atrocities here than anywhere else in the world.

LAD #15 Lincoln's Gettysburg Address

Lincoln honors the soldiers who have so far sacrificed themselves to preserve the Union during the Civil War while also recognizing the significance of this action in his Gettysburg Address. In his address he solemnly states that nothing he could say can properly represent the sacrifice made by the Union soldiers. Lincoln claims that it was because these soldiers sacrificed themselves that the union has so far been preserved. He also makes an appeal to pathos by proclaiming that the battlefield will be these soldiers final resting place. Because of their sacrifice Lincoln tells his audience that they must continue fighting so that the soldiers do not die in vain and that the people's freedoms and democracy are preserved. Lincoln concludes that the people "shall have a new birth of freedom" by the end of the war and that this fighting will ultimately make both the nation and its people stronger.

LAD #14 Lincoln's First Inaugural Address

Lincoln discusses the slavery issue between the north and the south in his First Inaugural Address. Lincoln begins this address by stating that he does not intend to abolish slavery and he believes his purpose is to preserve the union for the people. He thus proclaims that it will be the Consitution which decides this situation. For example, he notes that in the Constitution, no person who was in forced labor in one state cannot escape this duty and claim their freedom in another state. Lincoln is obviously refering to fugitive slaves who have fled their southern masters to their supposed freedom in the North. Lincoln then points out fallacious reasoning made by both groups: the northerners complain that the southerners are illegally partaking in illegal slavetrade while they are harboring fugitives and vice versa. Lincoln understands that the slavery issue will be ongoing he believes that by leaving such an ordeal alone it would only worsen with time. Aside from slavery, Lincoln also address the need for the nation to remain unified, as this has been the case since the very beginnings of the nation, before even the Constitution's time. He finds that regardless of how interrelations between the states were before his time, Lincoln believes that the states must now work together for the betterment of the nation, and that the only alternative to this lack of cohesiveness would be anarchy and secession. Lincoln concludes by proclaiming that "we must not be enemies" and that our actions must be guided "by the better angels of our nature". Otherwise, American society will fall to despotism and anarchy.

LAD # 13: Calhoun's Speech

John Calhoun address slavery and the growing disunity in the nation in his 1850 address. He asserts that the Northerners have gained a large population in recent years, and this will result in an imbalance favoring the north in Congress. He supports his claim by providing evidence of this imbalance: Calhoun ponts out that the nation recently admitted five new northern states from territories such as Oregon, Minnesota, and regions of Mexico, while at the same time no new northern states admitted. In addition, Calhoun believes that the national tariffs have only benefitted the north while harmed the south, leading to embittered sectionalism. This sectionalism is portrayed by the difference of ideology between the two groups. One instance which Calhoun points out is that while northern abolitionists want to free the slaves, this freedom in turn would destroy the Southern economy. Calhoun offers a solution to these present issues between the groups: he proclaims that the northerners must make concessions by protection the Southerners rights, accepting slavery, and giving them the oppurtunity to take land and gain representation. By doing so, Calhoun believes that true American democracy will be restored and the Union would flourish.

LAD #12 - Polk's War Message

In his address, Polk asserts his reasons for entering war with Mexico. He begins by noting that in recent years America's diplomatic relations with Mexico became strained because of disputes over land claims. He continues by noting that the United States tried to maintain "honorable terms" by sending a negotiator James Slidell to speak with the head of the Mexican government, General Herrera. Unfortunately, the Mexicans were not in a position to negotiate. Throughout the 1840's, Mexico underwent several revolution, and the political system was constantly changing. The negotiations would also cause a revolution because the Mexicans were disgusted by Herrara decision to allow an American to enter their country. As a result,  Herrara lost his position of power and the Mexicans decided to stop the negotiations. The Mexicans instead worsened their diplomatic relations by attacking American troops near the Nueces River in Texas (which was unnacceptable because the 1836 Treaties of Velasco made the area officially American territory). This would grow further out of porportion as future Mexican attacks would lead to the deaths of American troops. Because of this, Polk asserts, America had enough reason to enter war.

LAD #11 - The Seneca Falls Convention

The 1948 "The Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions" represents an initial attempt for women to achieve equal rights and liberties to man. The declaration contains similarities to the Declaration of Independence (for example, they both begin with "we hold these truths to be self- evident" and both declare that the people want "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness"). However, unlike the Declaration of Independence, the women advocate for equality between themselves and men, arguing that the men have created a "tyranny" oppressing the social and political rights of women. The writers of the Seneca Declaration continue by providing a list of grievances committed by men, which include: denying women the right to vote, advocating the idea that women are of a lower moral standing, and not allowing women full rights to property and wages. In their conclusion, the writers provide a list of resolutions to support their argument that this oppression cannot be justified.

LAD #10-The Monroe Doctrine

In the Monroe Doctrine, President James Monroe made a pact with the European power to maintain neutrality towards the newly independent colonies. These colonies gained their freedom after the Napoleonic Wars, in which their mother countries were too economically and militarilly weakened to effectively deal with revolts in the Western hemisphere. Although these new nations now had a taste of freedom, they did not know how to establish a political system to allow their nation to survive. In an attempt to help these new nations, the Americans supported their independence and asked that the European powers retain neutrality until these nations establish a legitimate government. By asking for this neutrality, Monroe was subtly ensuring that his own nation would not become involved in an alliance system with any European powers. Monroe justified his doctrine by claiming that they are only protecting the rights of the western man and that these people also deserve "peace and happiness". Monroe also noted that any efforts to recapture these nations would be futile, as they are too far of a distance away. In his conclusion, Monroe urges the Europeans to follow the Americans example.

LAD #9: Jefferson's First Inaugural Address

Thomas Jefferson, the second United States President, gave his inaugural address on March 4th, 1801. In an act of modesty, Jefferson begins this address by humbly telling the American people that his talents alone might not be enough to lead the great nation. Despite this, he continues by assuring worried Americans that with the help of the Constitution, he will be able to "...find resources of wisdom, of virtue, and of zeal on which to rely under all difficulties". He furthers his address by stating that he needs the people to "...arrange themselves under the will of the law, and unite in common efforts for the common good" by submitting themselves to the Constitution. Although many Americans are hesitant of complying with the new Federal government, Jefferson reminds the American people that the government is stronger than ever and that every man in the nation has the same principles (exemplified by their ability to unify during the American Revolution). To support this argument, Jefferson provides some of the many freedoms that the government would uphold (equal rights, freedom of opinions, and freedom of religion). For these reasons, Jefferson believes they can all work together for the betterment of the nation. As the address draw to a close, Jefferson tells the American people that in times of discord, they must continue to support the government. With this support, he will be able to work to the best of his ability to aid the American people. Jefferson finally ends his address by reminding the people that the "infinite power" of the government lies in the hands of the people, and with their support, the Americans would be able to achieve "...peace and prosperity".

Columbus Blog #8

While Christopher Columbus is commonly viewed as a champion of the advancement of European society and the brave explorer that discovered the New World, he is instead a malefactor who destroyed New World society and culture. During Columbus' arrival into the New World, he encountered several munificent Native Americans who offered "everything they owned". Rather than return this generosity with kindness, Columbus planned to make the natives into "fine servants... we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want", as he had written in his log. Columbus did not care for the well being of others, but instead focused on achieving fame and gaining monetary success. He soon carried out his plan and captured several natives in the hopes that they could lead him to gold. Unfortunately, Columbus did not find this illusive gold, but he exaggerated reports and made promises to Spain about the New World wealth. This resulted in a greater investment of Columbus's voyages, which placed him in massive debt to the Spanish government. In order to repay this debt, Columbus forced the natives to give Columbus a certain amount of gold every three months. For the natives who met Columbus's quota, they were given copper tokens to hang around their necks. The other natives that did not receive these copper tokens were executed in cold blood. Hence, Columbus was no hero or champion of society, but a villain who only worked to benefit his own needs and disregarded the rights of others because of his his selfish ideals.

Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States: 1492 - Present. New York: Harper Perennial, 2006. Print.

LAD #7: Washington's Farewell Address

In his farewell address, Washington thanks the American people for supporting him and their country with zeal. However, he also points out some political freedoms, if left unchecked, could destroy the political unity of the nation, or in a greater sense, dismantle the foundation of the nation. Washington reminds the American people that they are a part of one nation, and while there are some varying perspectives and beliefs between the members of different regions (Northern, Southern, Atlantic, Western regions), the people should remind themselves that they are held together by their common political beliefs, their patriotism, and their economic interdependence. Washington furthers enforces political unity by reminding the colonists of the evils of sectionalism, making it known that no state government should ever attempt to secede from the union. Aside from the necessity of maintaing political unity,Washington points out other dangers, such as political problems that are created by an increasingly large amount of political factions. Political factions represent a wide spectrum of beliefs that deviate from common convictions of the people. Washington provides examples of how this deviation can be a problem by warning the American people that political factions obstruct the development of laws and weaken the power of the constitutional branches. Washington asks the American people to prevent these problems from ever occuring. In order to achieve this, Washing states that the people should lead a religious and moral lifestyle. Not only would lead to both private and public happiness, but it would also allow America's democratic government to flourish.

Republican Motherhood Blog

1. What role did the Revolutionary War play in the transformation of housewifery to Republican Motherhood?

A. The Revolutionary War was the fundamental cause of women's shift from housewifery to Republican Motherhood. Because men were out fighting in the American Revolution, women were left to maintain the home and educate the future generation of Americans. With time, this future generation would grow into respectable young men, who believed that their mothers were the "nurse and the educator" of "...future man and [his] undying spirit..."  for democracy and republicanism. (Document A). As a result, women's role in society became redefined because they were now expected to teach their to express patriotism and to be proud of their country.

2. What were the consequences of Republican Motherhood on women?

A. The consequences of Republican Motherhood proved to be beneficial for women. For examle, they received a proper education and were allowed them to gain some property rights over her husband's land(Document B). Men also now viewed women as a patriot and believe that she "best serves her country by training up good citizens, just, humane, and enlightened legislatures" (Document A). In a broader sense, woman were now viewed as an influence on society as a whole, as women possessed the power to change society as they saw fit (Document D).

3. What is the significance of the ideology of Republican Motherhood as a stage in the process of women's socialization?

A. The ideology of republican motherhood planted the seeds for greater socialization for women. As previously stated, "...the influence of woman [was no longer] limited to the domestic circle. Society is her empire, which she governs at will...." (Document D). When women recognized their increase of power, they gained the confidence to express their beliefs on other aspects of life. For example, women began to group together, "...asserting the importance and the honour of their sex" (Document C). While women were not initially successful in drawing support for their cause, they educated their children to support their beliefs, eventually leading to greater social equality for women.

 

1. Describe the setting.

A. The setting is a room with curtains and a couch. In the room is a mother and her two children, looking content with their surroundings.

2. Who serves at the center of the portrait and why? How does the woman look? How is she "republican" rather than aristocratic?

A. Mary Tilghman, the mother of the two children, serves at the center of the portrait. The mother serves at the center of the portrait to suggest that women are gaining prominance and importance in family matters. This depiction does not appear to be aristocratic, but rather "republican", as the mother is dressed in common clothing and is holding her children close to her. The children's closeness to their mother and expressions of happiness suggest that bonds between mother and child were built by republican motherhood. The children also wear common clothing of the time, further supporting that this is not an aristocratic depiction.

3. What values do her sons exhibit?

A. Her sons exhibit feelings of respect and genuine love for their mother. This is shown by their closeness to their mother. This also emphasizes that the mother played a signifcicant role in her children's upbringing during the time. As a result of their upbringing, her children will retain these values, and become a paragon of the American gentleman.

4. Is there a significance to the position of Mrs. Tilgham's arm?

A. The significance of Mrs. Tilgham's arm is that it is on her younger child. This displays the closeness between mother and child which results from republican motherhood. Mrs. Tilgham's arm also symbolizes that the mother of this era will protect her child from the debauched and amoral evils of society, which will hopefully allow them to grow up to become honest and respectable men.

LAD #6: Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality

The Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793 states that the United States will remain neutral during the war taking place between European powers (Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain, the United Netherlands, and France). Washington also advices the American citizens to not get themselves involved in the war, because this would violate the laws of the nation. Should any American citizen go against Washington's proclamation of neutrality, the punishment would be equivalent to breaking the law and the perpetrator would face prosecution.

LAD #5: Federalist #10

1. Factions are difficult to eliminate because they can only be eliminated by either removing its causes or controlling the effects of the factions, thereby forcing all citizens to adopt the same opinions, passions, and interests. Obviously, neither of these solutions are possible. To take away the causes of these factions is an attack on the liberties of man. This goes against the basis of the American Revolution and the fundamental ideology of the nation, which is all men deserve certain unalienable rights and liberties. The later is impossible, because a man is shaped by his personal experiences as well as his own opinions and ideology. These men have a right to express their beliefs, hence controlling their beliefs is also an attack on their liberties.

2. While factions cannot be removed, they can be controlled through the institution of a republic. If the government is a pure democracy, then it would fail because the people would make their own factions to represent their own beliefs. This would lead to a wide spectrum of factions, and with each representing inconsequential beliefs, the government would be too divided to accomplish anything. however, when the government is in the form of a republic, these factions can elect an indivudal that represents their beliefs into a government position. In short, a pure democracy has the people represent their own beliefs, while a republic allows the people to elect a representative.

Blog #4 - Revolution Article

1. By todays standards, the American Revolution was no a horrendous war. This is based on he belief that not many men died, few civilians were affected by hostilities, and that there was not widespread suffering amongst either side. However, This is not the case as 30,000 out of the American population of 2.5 million died because of the war. In ratio to todays population, that would be roughly 3 million American casualties.


2. Because the artillerymen in the Revolutionary War did not possess advanced technology, the armies fought at close range and often engaged in hand-to-hand combat. In some instances the armies fouht in distances no greater than home plate to second plate on a baseball field.

3. Almost half of the prisoners captured in the American Revolution were massacred by their captors. This killing of prisones spurred from loyalists killing seventy five percent of the rebels who laid down their arms in what is now known as the Waxhaws Massacre. With this fresh in the mind of the Continental Army several loyalists that were captured were slaughtered in an enactment of revenge. Prisoners who made it past these slaughterings would later die of being depraved of necessities, as their clothing and commodities were taken off of their bodies and given to the troops.

4. There was an unusually high number of civilian casualties during the American Revolution. Most of these civilians died from diseases that were unkowingly spread bysoldiers on both sides. Civilians also died in frontier Indian attacks, partisan warfare, and battles for cities.

5. Depictions of the American Revolution are misleading distort the views of events. This is because painters of the American Revolution paintings tried to glorify their subjects, hence some of the more disturbing images of the war were not well depicted during this era of history. However, in the Civil War, there are gruesome depictions of battle that does not parallel American Revolution art. For example, Civil War art often shows depictions of mangled corpses and injured soldiers.

Louisianna Purchase Question

Hey Mr DeCarlo,

In case I forget to ask you on Monday and you happen to see this... If France lost almost all of their land in the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War, how did they have claim over Louisiana territory until the nineteenth century.

Thanks,
Mike Gorczyca

LAD #3: The Declaration of Independence

1.  The Declaration of Independence calls for the creation of a government that is built on democratic principles. For example, it states that man is given certain unalienable rights, such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The Declaration of Independence also states that the government’s power should be in the hands of the people. This leads to the declarations next belief (inspired by John Locke’s Two Treatise of Government) that should the government not support these unalienable rights, than the people have a right to abolish their government and institute a new one.

2. The colonists wrote the Declaration of Independence as they felt that their writes had been violated by Britain and King George III. Some of the grievances expressed were:

• King George III to allow for the passing of laws that were for public good.
• King George III forbade his governors to pass laws that were for public good.
• Has dissolved representative houses regularly, going against the rights of the people.
• King George III has made judges dependent on him (their tenure and payments are controlled by the king) so they will vote in favor of him.
• King George III quartered large bodies of armed troops among the colonists and gives these troops extraterritoriality.
• King George III has forced the colonists to trade only with Britain through salutary neglect.
• King George III posed heavy taxes on the colonists without their consent.
• King George III took away colonial charters and changed colonial government laws.
• King George III abdicated colonial government.

3. King George III would not compromise with the colonists and placed heavy burdens upon them. With their protests being left unheard, the colonists decided to formally issue the Declaration of Independence, which stated that they wanted to abolish Britain’s political control over America. While the colonists wanted independence, King George III refused to compromise (as he had with previous grievances) and decided to go to war. As a result of the American Revolution, the colonies were victorious and gained what they desired, the ability to become free and independent states.

LAD #2: John Peter Zenger

1.     John Peter Zenger was a German immigrant who arrived in New York from Germany in 1710. After serving his apprenticeship Zenger became the publisher of a New York newspaper, the New York Weekly Journal. In 1733, Zenger criticized New York Governor William Cosby after he prosecuted his fellow interim Governor Rip Van Dam and Chief Justice Lewis Morris. As a result of this he was arrested in 1734 for “seditious label” and was brought to trial in 1735.

2.     The charges brought before Zenger are controversial as Cosby displayed capricious and irrational behavior in his prosecution against Van Dam and Morris. This is because Cosby believed that these men were not paying him enough for his job. Hamilton later created further controversy in his defense by arguing that the prosecution’s evidence excluded the truth and that although Zenger’s stories were offensive, they cannot be considered a libel unless proven false. With this argument Zenger was declared not guilty.

3.     One such influence the trial had on governmental tradition was that it assured freedom of the press in America. This later evolved into the first amendment, which was enacted in 1791. In addition to this it set a precedent to protect to protect a citizen against judicial tyranny, or decisions made by officials unlawfully.

4.     The lasting significance of this trial was the recognition of freedom of the press. As exemplified today, several stories are published which are controversial and offensive to a subset of people. However, there is no action against the writers, as they have a different perspective on the story published. Also, the court system must now recognize that unless information is falsified and biased, no legal action can be taken.

LAD #1: The Mayflower Compact and The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

1.     One major concept that is included is that the colonists will work together to create a “civil Body Politick”. To do this, the colonists who were a part of the Mayflower Compact vowed to create just laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and officers to make sure the people abide by the created rules and regulations. The Mayflower Compact also focuses on God and colonists’ country, with the writers remarking that journey to the new world was a task undertaken for Him and in honor of the king and their country. Lastly, a concept of the Mayflower Compact is religion, as the journey to the New World was also completed to create a haven in the New World and allow their faith (Christianity) to flourish.

2.     The Mayflower Compact reflects to both through the mentioning of God and their home country. The Mayflower Compact attaches to the “Old” world as it is made to ensure the colonists keep their loyalty to the home country. This is exemplified by the colonists agreed that they are developing this colony for the king. The Mayflower Compact also attaches itself to the “New World”. The colonists believe that by coming to America they are advancing Christian faith and believe that now in America they have a covenant with him to create society as He would have desired.

3.     One such difference between the two is that the writers of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut do not swear its loyalty to the king of England. Instead, the writers state that their colony is entirely devoted to God and that their survival and laws to their colony were made solely for Him. The writers of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut also include a constitution into their orders. This is because the colonists of Connecticut wanted to create a government and code of law before opening their colony. The Mayflower Compact, on the other hand, simply states that the colonists have an agreement with one another to eventually create a government.

4.     The colonists of Connecticut were prompted to take this approach as they had already established a society (which was not an official colony at the time), into the New World. When becoming a colony, a large amount of Puritans migrated to Connecticut. As a result, it was announced that Connecticut would establish a written constitution to make the rules and regulations of the government known. The constitution was based off of the democratic ideals of previous colonies, so that the laws would already be familiar to others and that those in a position of power would be chosen by the people.

5.     The Fundamental Orders reflects this fear by creating several laws on voting, terms in office, a system of checks and balances within the government. For example, only qualified freemen were allowed to vote in elections. Those elected could not remain in power for long. This is shown by the magistrates and governors only having one year terms. But, should they abuse this power, the General Court could be called upon and can remove those in power from office.

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